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Gynaecomastia is the most common breast problem in men characterized by the benign enlargement of breasts. Usually both breasts are symmetrically involved but sometimes there may be enlargement of only one breast. Breast growth usually starts at puberty and is a physiological response to hormonal changes at that age. This slight hypertrophy normally subsides spontaneously but occasionally persists.
This condition needs to be treated as persistent enlargement of the male breast can become a source of embarrassment and distress in the adolescent or adult male. The treatment for gynaecomastia is surgical by means of liposuction by a very small incision at the margin of areola (dark pigmented skin around the nipple). There are no visible scars after surgery. Patient is given pressure garments for six weeks to prevent hematoma formation and allow the loose skin after liposuction to shape nicely over chest muscles.
These are the defects in a newborn child where there is a gap in the lip alone or lip and palate together along with deformity of nose. Clefts of lip alone do not cause any functional problem but need to be repaired for cosmetic reasons where as clefts of palate lead to multiple functional problems. The baby is unable to suck milk and may develop deficiency in speech and hearing later on. There are problems in eruption of teeth at the site of cleft. All these problems need to be dealt with deftly and at the right age. Cleft lip should be operated around the age of three months while the palate should be operated between one to one and a half years. Apart from these two surgical procedures, child needs to keep in follow up of a plastic surgeon till he or she attains adulthood .Some other procedures like rhinoplasty and treatment for teeth may also be required as the child grows.
Although many people find moles on their faces to be attractive and do not want anything to be done for them, others feel uncomfortable about their presence usually these moles do not present any problem but if they start growing in size, change their colour or start showing discharge, they need urgent removal. Use of acids or other chemicals to remove these moles may leave bad scars or defects which are difficult to treat. Timely surgical removal of moles is the best option.
